The American Lawn, and its Opponents

If one accepts the idea that lawns are, in a deep sense, unethical, how does one fill the front yard?

Over the years, many alternatives to the lawn have been proposed. Pollan, in his book "Second Nature" (1991), suggests replacing parts-or all-of the lawn with garden. In "Noah's Garden" (1993), Sara Stein, by contrast, advocates "ungardening"-essentially allowing the grass to revert to thicket. Sally and Andy Wasowski, in their "Requiem for a Lawnmower" (2004), recommend filling the yard with native trees and wildflowers. For those who don't want to give up the look or the playing space provided by a lawn, the Wasowskis suggest using Buffalo grass, one of the very few turf species native to North America. Smaller American Lawns Today, or SALT, is a concept developed by William Niering, who for many years was a professor of botany at Connecticut College. Niering planted trees around his property, then left most of the rest of his yard unmowed, to become a meadow. "The meadow can take as much of your remaining lawn as you want," he observes in an essay posted on SALT's Web site. "There are some people who prefer no lawn, which is ideal!" For the past few decades, David Benner, a horticulturist from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, has been touting moss as an alternative to grass: he himself has a one-acre "moss garden." Recently, there have been several calls to make the lawnspace productive. In "Food Not Lawns" (2006), Heather C. Flores argues that the average yard could yield several hundred pounds of fruits and vegetables per year. (If you live in an urban area and don't have a lawn, she suggests digging up your driveway.) "Edible Estates" (2008) is the chronicle of a project by Fritz Haeg, an architect and artist, who rips up conventional front yards in order to replace them with visually striking "edible plantings." Haeg calls his approach "full-frontal gardening."