As the destructive force of Hurricane Sandy demonstrated, all sand dunes are not created equal. But as coastal communities start to rebuild their defenses for the next storm, they're trying to close the gap with Mother Nature.
Hurricane Sandy made the value of natural defenses much more apparent to coastal communities throughout the Northeast. According to Katie Barnett, a specialist with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, "The areas that had natural stable dune systems are the areas that survived the best. The areas that didn't have dune systems are the areas that really got wiped out."
Adam Cole looks at the ways that scientists and officials like Barnett are trying to improve the strength of man-made dunes. Take old Christmas Trees, for example. "The trees' needles and branches will trap windborne sand and serve as a foundation for new dunes." However, notes Cole, "[p]iles of sand — even those anchored by Christmas trees — will erode much faster than natural dunes."
"Natural dunes are strong, but they take a long time to grow."
"I would say ... a decade," says Norbert Psuty, a retired professor from Rutgers University.
"You might have to wait until 2023 for your dune system to fully recover from Sandy," adds Cole. But, "Island Beach State Park Manager Ray Bukowski says they don't have that kind of time."
"We can't sit and hope a dune gets re-formed here," Bukowski says. "We've got to jump-start the dune and let it start doing its thing."
FULL STORY: After Sandy, Not All Sand Dunes Are Created Equal
2024: The Year in Zoning
Cities and states are leaning on zoning reform to help stem the housing crisis and create more affordable, livable neighborhoods.
NACTO Releases Updated Urban Bikeway Guide
The third edition of the nationally recognized road design guide includes detailed design advice for roads that prioritize safety and accessibility for all users.
Denver Pauses Multifamily Development in Westside Neighborhoods Amidst Gentrification Concerns
City officials say the pause on permits for redevelopment projects aims to stop the displacement of long-term residents.
Comprehensive Parking Supply, Cost, and Price Analysis
Every time somebody purchases a vehicle they expect governments and businesses to provide parking for their use. These facilities are costly. For every dollar motorists spend on their vehicles somebody spends about a dollar on parking.
Learning From Wildfire Evacuations
Researchers are working to understand how people behave during wildfire events and how to most effectively get people to safety during deadly fires.
Parking Reform Yields New Housing
As more cities eliminate or reduce their minimum parking requirements, the impact on housing supply is coming into focus.
Urban Design for Planners 1: Software Tools
This six-course series explores essential urban design concepts using open source software and equips planners with the tools they need to participate fully in the urban design process.
Planning for Universal Design
Learn the tools for implementing Universal Design in planning regulations.
Berkeley County
Northeast Ohio Areawide Coordinating Agency (NOACA)
Ada County Highway District
Chaddick Institute at DePaul University
HUDs Office of Policy Development and Research
HUDs Office of Policy Development and Research
NYU Wagner Graduate School of Public Service
City of Cambridge, Maryland