In Praise of the Endangered ‘Third Space’

The public spaces where people can spend time among strangers without buying something are crucial to healthy cities—and are quickly disappearing.

2 minute read

November 1, 2023, 9:00 AM PDT

By Diana Ionescu @aworkoffiction


People sitting on lawn chairs in front of green meadow with New York City skyscrapers in background in Bryant Park, New York.

Sina Ettmer / Adobe Stock

Writing in Strong Towns, Tiffany Owens Reed vividly describes the pleasures of ‘third spaces,’ those truly public spaces that provide a safe, vibrant place to just exist without having to purchase anything or be engaged in any particular activity.

These spaces attract all kinds of people and facilitate all kinds of activities. They’re organic, uncoordinated, and leisurely. They function like an extension of our own living rooms or backyards. Their value comes from providing a space where strangers can happily be alongside other strangers doing something they enjoy.

Owens Reed doesn’t have an explanation for the phenomenon, but asserts that “there’s something magnetic about spaces where strangers can be alone together, and in our increasingly fragmented and polarized society, this is valuable.” To that end, cities should protect these increasingly rare spaces where all kinds of people can mingle.

Owens Reed recommends three keys to creating good public spaces: keeping them closed to cars; making them “clearly defined and slightly enclosed” to create a sense of safety; and placing them near businesses without making them transaction-focused. “When public parks, squares, and plazas are situated close to practical businesses, it creates a beneficial cycle for them both: public spaces provide places to be while businesses provide options of things to do, both increasing foot traffic, overall vitality, and safety.”

The piece concludes with a provocative question: “What would our cities look like if we designed for all of life, not just a few activities that we can count on for tax revenue?”

Tuesday, October 31, 2023 in Strong Towns

Young Professional

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching. Mary G., Urban and Environmental Planner

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching.

Mary G., Urban and Environmental Planner

Get top-rated, practical training for planners

"Planetizen federal action tracker" logo superimposed over black and white image of US Capitol dome.

Planetizen Federal Action Tracker

A weekly monitor of how Trump’s orders and actions are impacting planners and planning in America.

September 16, 2026 - Zachary Whalen

Passengers board an Amtrak train under a cloudy sky.

Amtrak, CN end decades-long dispute with eight-year agreement

The new operating agreement establishes an updated framework for the companies to work together, including processes to resolve disputes.

September 18, 2026 - Mass Transit

The Gross Reservoir, a large body of water surrounded by trees and mountains.

Judges permit Denver to divert 77,000 acre feet from the Colorado River for reservoir expansion

Overuse and climate change have caused the Colorado River’s water levels to plummet.

September 18, 2026 - Inside Climate News

A painted bus lane in NYC.

NYC DOT wants faster, more permanent street upgrades

The city is examining ways to build more concrete infrastructure without getting entangled in 'decades-long' projects.

5 hours ago - NYC Streetsblog

A woman looks at a utility bill.

'Something we’ve never seen before:' rising utility rates could strain city finances nationwide

Data centers, climate change and other factors have caused utility rates in the United States to increase by 38% since 2020.

6 hours ago - Smart Cities Dive

A person scuba diving in a coral reef off Guam.

Trump to overrule local leaders, lease millions of acres of America’s Pacific Island territories’ seafloors to mining companies

International law says that the Indigenous people of America’s territories have a right to prior and informed consent regarding projects that impact their countries.

7 hours ago - Grist