Denver-Inspired Chatbot Serves as Prototype for AI in City Planning and Zoning

A prototype City Planning Chatbot uses AI to answer public questions on zoning and city planning in Denver. Although not endorsed by the City, the experiment demonstrates the potential power of AI to provide accurate planning and zoning answers.

2 minute read

November 5, 2023, 9:00 AM PST

By Chris Steins @planetizen


The Denver Skyline, according to Midjourney, an AI image generator.

The Denver Skyline, according to Midjourney, an AI image generator. | Chris Steins, via Midjourney / The Denver Skyline, according to Midjourney, an AI image generator.

In a groundbreaking experiment that leverages Artificial Intelligence (AI) for public governance, former Planetizen editor Chris Steins collaborated with Code Studio, an urban design firm, to create a prototype City Planning Chatbot. Using Generative AI technologies like ChatGPT, the chatbot is trained on publicly available documents from the City and County of Denver to answer questions about city planning and zoning regulations. Though not officially endorsed by Denver, the chatbot serves as a proof-of-concept that aims to improve public access to information, thereby increasing transparency and civic engagement.

The prototype can answer a wide range of questions, from the height limitations of fences in residential zones to the conditions for putting up temporary commercial signs. The chatbot's utility extends to helping citizens navigate the complex landscape of city planning by providing step-by-step guidance on processes like getting a conditional use approved. While not perfect, the chatbot demonstrates that when given access to a more extensive knowledge base, including information from ChatGPT-4, it can significantly improve its response quality.

Developers took the precaution of limiting the chatbot's responses to verified information available in the city's public records or within its Generative AI knowledge base. The technology leverages CustomGPT, allowing it to focus on specific topics while reducing AI-related errors, like hallucinations.

The project aims to revolutionize how governments engage with citizens by using AI to provide real-time, accurate, and interactive responses on official websites. This not only enhances transparency but could also significantly improve the efficiency of governmental departments. The City Planning Chatbot showcases the immense potential of integrating AI into public service and could become a model for other cities to follow.

Monday, September 4, 2023 in Chris Steins via Medium

Young Professional

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching. Mary G., Urban and Environmental Planner

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching.

Mary G., Urban and Environmental Planner

Get top-rated, practical training for planners

Overlapping highways

The state-sanctioned urbicide of Austin

People don’t kill cities. Freeways do.

September 8, 2026 - Benjamin Schneider

The Hoover Dam blocking the Colorado River. The river's water level is noticeably low. The cliffs surrounding the blue water are brown and jagged.

US to reduce Colorado River water deliveries to Mexico

A new Colorado Treaty amendment reduces Mexico’s Colorado River water allocation by 250,000 acre feet.

September 11, 2026 - The Arizona Republic

Skyscrapers in Jersey City.

New Jersey’s second-largest city bans standalone data centers

Jersey City will continue to allow co-location facilities, such as those meant for research institutions that store their own data.

September 4, 2026 - The Cool Down

A New Jersey train approaches people waiting at the station.

Amtrak not solely to blame for New Jersey commuter rail's unreliability, report finds

A new study from the Garden State Initiative found that NJ Transit’s budget grew 20% across a 4 year period, but reliability declined significantly over the same period.

7 hours ago - Mass Transit

A tall, gray power plant billows smoke into a blue sky.

EPA erases limits on planet-warming pollution from power plants

Under Monday’s plan, power plants would still have some limits on how much mercury, arsenic and other contaminants they can emit.

September 15 - New York Times

A white RAPID bus. The lower half is light blue, and says RAPID in purple text. The bus is half visible, appearing from the left side of the image.

Phoenix announces new on-demand transit service, more frequent RAPID buses

Both new services will launch in October, and are part of Phoenix's Project Effective Access Solutions for Easing Congestion.

September 15 - KJZZ

FREE Course: Walkable City 1: Why Walkability?

After describing his path towards focusing on walkability as the essence of good planning, Jeff Speck marches through his five principal reasons for making more walkable places.

Reinventing Malls: Planning Alchemy—Turning Gray Fields Into Gold

The course focuses on the opportunities and imperatives that shape reinvention of mall sites.