"Ghettos" or "Enclaves"?

Studies showing rising concentrations of poorer immigrant groups in Canada's largest cities is causing concern that the country is becoming polarized. But, writes Doug Saunders, such enclaves may be the first step towards integration.

1 minute read

March 2, 2009, 11:00 AM PST

By Michael Dudley


"The ghetto-versus-enclave debate has been heating up as a topic of scholarly battles...That's because Canada has just realized that it has a lot more [concentrated ethnic diversity] than it used to. We know this thanks to detailed new studies by University of Toronto researcher David Hulchanski, which reveal that Toronto (and likely Vancouver too) is becoming dominated by poor, immigrant-majority neighbourhoods, which are swamping the better-off, largely white areas.

In the media, news of this clustering of immigrants is glibly portrayed as the rise of ethnic ghettos. The implication was that Canada's cities are slipping into self-segregation and polarization, both economic and racial – that we're becoming two urban solitudes, never to meet. Yet there is another way to look at these numbers, one that may be much more applicable to Canada.

A number of scholars have come to realize that uni-ethnic neighbourhoods are actually the quickest and most likely to integrate, both culturally and economically. Ethnic clustering, in this analysis, is simply a vital first step toward becoming full members of mainstream society, something that can take more than a generation."

Monday, March 2, 2009 in The Globe and Mail

portrait of professional woman

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching. Mary G., Urban Planner

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching.

Mary G., Urban Planner

Cover CM Credits, Earn Certificates, Push Your Career Forward

Logo for Planetizen Federal Action Tracker with black and white image of U.S. Capitol with water ripple overlay.

Planetizen Federal Action Tracker

A weekly monitor of how Trump’s orders and actions are impacting planners and planning in America.

June 11, 2025 - Diana Ionescu

Rendering of Shirley Chisholm Village four-story housing development with person biking in front.

San Francisco's School District Spent $105M To Build Affordable Housing for Teachers — And That's Just the Beginning

SFUSD joins a growing list of school districts using their land holdings to address housing affordability challenges faced by their own employees.

June 8, 2025 - Fast Company

Yellow single-seat Japanese electric vehicle drivign down road.

The Tiny, Adorable $7,000 Car Turning Japan Onto EVs

The single seat Mibot charges from a regular plug as quickly as an iPad, and is about half the price of an average EV.

June 6, 2025 - PC Magazine

Rendering of autonomous cargo train moving across bridge across river in wooded area between Texas and Mexico.

Trump Approves Futuristic Automated Texas-Mexico Cargo Corridor

The project could remove tens of thousands of commercial trucks from roadways.

June 17 - FreightWaves

Rendering of white three-story single-stair building in Austin, Texas with staircase in the middle.

Austin's First Single Stair Apartment Building is Officially Underway

Eliminating the requirement for two staircases in multi-story residential buildings lets developers use smaller lots and more flexible designs to create denser housing.

June 17 - Building Design & Construction

MARTA bus with Atlanta skyline in background

Atlanta Bus System Redesign Will Nearly Triple Access

MARTA's Next Gen Bus Network will retool over 100 bus routes, expand frequent service.

June 17 - Mass Transit