"Congress has done its job, such as it is, and passed a transportation bill. Now it's handed off the policymaking to U.S. DOT, which must issue a raft of rules, definitions, and guidance to accompany the new law, known as MAP-21."
Streetsblog asked economist Joe Cortright for his advice to DOT officials struggling to define congestion. His words of wisdom: "Don't make the mistake the Texas Transportation Institute makes."
"TTI's Urban Mobility Report, released every year, invariably gives top honors to places that have overbuilt road capacity. The institute measures congestion only by looking at the degree to which traffic slows down people's commutes. The problem with that, Cortright says, is that 'you end up rewarding places that encourage people to drive longer and longer distances, and then you look at those long distances that they're traveling, and say because they're moving at a relatively higher speed much of the time that they're driving, that the system is somehow performing better.'"
"Cost-effectiveness also can't be measured without examining what are known as 'externalities' -- the costs of driving that are passed on to the public. 'The existing gasoline tax doesn't even cover the maintenance on the highway system that we have now,' Cortright said. 'It doesn't reflect the economic losses to crashes, it doesn't reflect the economic externalities associated with the environmental effects of burning all this gasoline and putting carbon in the atmosphere, and it doesn't reflect the foreign policy and military costs of being so dependent on foreign oil.'"
"If I were U.S. DOT, I'd try to add in, in figuring cost-effectiveness, the cost of all those other subsidies to automobiles," he added.
Thanks to Tanya Snyder
Comments
Externalities
Externalities go beyond those mentioned. Fundamentally, local communities are degraded and separated by freeways, and the automobile 'ecosystem' demands that there be parking on local streets. Freeways encourage therefore localized congestion in the form of more cars. These in turn clog our streets with parked cars, making it difficult and very dangerous for people to move about without a car -- for example, on a bicycle or just walking. This in turn adds to the big externality not mentioned: poor health. People are getting more and more overweight, and there is a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes and similar related health problems. These all cost us as a society enormous amounts of money. So yes, the current measures are overly simplistic and fundamentally incorrect.