Beyond Eternal: Identifying The World's Oldest City

Cities from India to Syria to Hungary can claim to be the world's oldest continually inhabited city, with permanent habitation going back more than 4,000 years. But when the evidence is thousands of years old, the title becomes elusive.

1 minute read

February 22, 2015, 9:00 AM PST

By Josh Stephens @jrstephens310


Rome calls itself the "Eternal City," but plenty of cities from antiquity have been around a lot longer—and are still around. Archeologists are engaged in a robust debate over what is actually the world's oldest continuously inhabited city. Candidates include Varnasi, India; Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Erbil, Iraq; and sentimental favorite, Jericho, Israel, whose walls may date back 11,000 years.

"Beyond the easy task of immediately discounting every city in North America and Australasia, identifying the world’s oldest continuously inhabited city is an uncertain business. There is a mess of claim and counterclaim, myth and legend, architectural digs and disputed evidence."

Part of the challenge lies in choosing continuously inhabited cities. Out of the running are places like Catal Huyuk, which is considered the first city but was abandoned long ago. Byblos, Lebanon, has solid documentation for its 7,000-year run of habitation.

Ironically, and tragically, the best contender for world's oldest city is also one of the world’s most threatened cities: Aleppo, Syria, which is in the heart of that ancient country’s civil war.  

Friday, February 20, 2015 in The Guardian

Young Professional

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching. Mary G., Urban and Environmental Planner

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching.

Mary G., Urban and Environmental Planner

Get top-rated, practical training for planners

"Planetizen federal action tracker" logo superimposed over black and white image of US Capitol dome.

Planetizen Federal Action Tracker

A weekly monitor of how Trump’s orders and actions are impacting planners and planning in America.

October 7, 2026 - Zachary Whalen

The mayor of Baltimore speaks into a microphone in front of a rally for more state transportation funding from Maryland.

‘Going backwards:’ Baltimore mayor, students rally against state's transit funding plan

Maryland's proposed six-year plan provides no funding for Baltimore’s BMORE bus program and reduces its road maintenance funding.

October 2, 2026 - Baltimore Sun

A rendering of the waterfront development, which shows a lit-up stage by the waterfront and people walking about.

Detroit to transform waterfront with $2.2 billion investment

Developers will convert about 18 acres of unused parking lot space into civic spaces.

October 2, 2026 - ABC 7

A crane lifts a manufactured house, with is rectangular and does not yet have a roof.

HUD modernizes 50-year-old manufactured housing framework

The Next Generation Manufactured Housing Action Plan establishes new energy-efficiency standards for manufactured homes, and new guidelines for anchoring them.

October 8 - Boston Real Estate Times

Cars driving into a residential neighborhood in San Fransisco.

New CA housing laws tear down development red tape

Recently-signed legislation makes building starter homes and ADUs cheaper and faster in California.

October 8 - Smart Cities Dive

A group of politicians happily cut a blue ribbon.

Metrolink finishes first expansion in 20 years

The transit agency is now one of very few in the United States to connect two major airports.

October 8 - Mass Transit