Community-Based Watershed Management Handbook

This free handbook describes innovative approaches to watershed management implemented by the 28 National Estuary Programs (NEPs). The NEPs are community-based watershed management organizations that restore and protect coastal watersheds.

2 minute read

September 16, 2005, 7:00 AM PDT

By Chris Steins @planetizen


Environmental protection programs in the United States have significantly improved water quality during the last quarter century. Nonetheless, many challenges remain. Of the waters assessed in the United States, about 40% of streams, 45% of lakes, and 50% of estuaries remain too polluted for fishing, swimming, and other uses. The watershed approachâ€"targeting high priority water quality and habitat problems within hydrologically-defined areasâ€"is essential to address these issues.

Through this handbook, the EPA describes the highly successful approaches to watershed management implemented by the 28 National Estuary Programs (NEPs). The NEPs, unique partnerships of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and numerous federal, state, and local organizations, work together to address coastal watershed management challenges. This document presents new information from nearly 20 years of the NEP experience and describes how the NEPs:

  • protect and restore estuaries by developing and implementing comprehensive management plans;
  • foster consensus on difficult issues by establishing effective governance structures;
  • conduct vigorous education and outreach by involving the public;
  • obtain significant funding by leveraging scarce resources;
  • establish credibility by using science to inform decision making; and
  • sustain their efforts by measuring and communicating results.

    The lessons learned contained in this handbook are relevant not only to the NEPs but to other watershed organizations, including local governments, nonprofits, and others who are working to establish, implement, and evaluate watershed protection and restoration efforts. While the NEPs are home to certain elements not found in non-coastal areas, such as the presence of salt water ecosystems, and receive funding and organizational support from EPA, this handbook can be successfully applied without the presence of these elements. For example, the checklists and other methods used by NEPs to assess the effectiveness of existing institutions to manage water quality problems can be used by inland watersheds.

    Thanks to Ashwani Vasishth

  • Tuesday, February 15, 2005 in US Environmental Protection Agency

    portrait of professional woman

    I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching. Mary G., Urban Planner

    I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching.

    Mary G., Urban Planner

    Cover CM Credits, Earn Certificates, Push Your Career Forward

    Aerial view of town of Wailuku in Maui, Hawaii with mountains in background against cloudy sunset sky.

    Maui's Vacation Rental Debate Turns Ugly

    Verbal attacks, misinformation campaigns and fistfights plague a high-stakes debate to convert thousands of vacation rentals into long-term housing.

    July 1, 2025 - Honolulu Civil Beat

    Logo for Planetizen Federal Action Tracker with black and white image of U.S. Capitol with water ripple overlay.

    Planetizen Federal Action Tracker

    A weekly monitor of how Trump’s orders and actions are impacting planners and planning in America.

    July 9, 2025 - Diana Ionescu

    Green vintage Chicago streetcar from the 1940s parked at the Illinois Railroad Museum in 1988.

    Chicago’s Ghost Rails

    Just beneath the surface of the modern city lie the remnants of its expansive early 20th-century streetcar system.

    July 13, 2025 - WTTV

    Bend, Oregon

    Bend, Oregon Zoning Reforms Prioritize Small-Scale Housing

    The city altered its zoning code to allow multi-family housing and eliminated parking mandates citywide.

    5 hours ago - Strong Towns

    Blue and silver Amtrak train with vibrant green and yellow foliage in background.

    Amtrak Cutting Jobs, Funding to High-Speed Rail

    The agency plans to cut 10 percent of its workforce and has confirmed it will not fund new high-speed rail projects.

    6 hours ago - Smart Cities Dive

    Green Skid Row mural satirizing city limit sign in downtown Los Angeles, California.

    LA Denies Basic Services to Unhoused Residents

    The city has repeatedly failed to respond to requests for trash pickup at encampment sites, and eliminated a program that provided mobile showers and toilets.

    7 hours ago - Los Angeles Public Press