Community-Based Watershed Management Handbook

This free handbook describes innovative approaches to watershed management implemented by the 28 National Estuary Programs (NEPs). The NEPs are community-based watershed management organizations that restore and protect coastal watersheds.

2 minute read

September 16, 2005, 7:00 AM PDT

By Chris Steins @planetizen


Environmental protection programs in the United States have significantly improved water quality during the last quarter century. Nonetheless, many challenges remain. Of the waters assessed in the United States, about 40% of streams, 45% of lakes, and 50% of estuaries remain too polluted for fishing, swimming, and other uses. The watershed approachâ€"targeting high priority water quality and habitat problems within hydrologically-defined areasâ€"is essential to address these issues.

Through this handbook, the EPA describes the highly successful approaches to watershed management implemented by the 28 National Estuary Programs (NEPs). The NEPs, unique partnerships of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and numerous federal, state, and local organizations, work together to address coastal watershed management challenges. This document presents new information from nearly 20 years of the NEP experience and describes how the NEPs:

  • protect and restore estuaries by developing and implementing comprehensive management plans;
  • foster consensus on difficult issues by establishing effective governance structures;
  • conduct vigorous education and outreach by involving the public;
  • obtain significant funding by leveraging scarce resources;
  • establish credibility by using science to inform decision making; and
  • sustain their efforts by measuring and communicating results.

    The lessons learned contained in this handbook are relevant not only to the NEPs but to other watershed organizations, including local governments, nonprofits, and others who are working to establish, implement, and evaluate watershed protection and restoration efforts. While the NEPs are home to certain elements not found in non-coastal areas, such as the presence of salt water ecosystems, and receive funding and organizational support from EPA, this handbook can be successfully applied without the presence of these elements. For example, the checklists and other methods used by NEPs to assess the effectiveness of existing institutions to manage water quality problems can be used by inland watersheds.

    Thanks to Ashwani Vasishth

  • Tuesday, February 15, 2005 in US Environmental Protection Agency

    Young Professional

    I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching. Mary G., Urban and Environmental Planner

    I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching.

    Mary G., Urban and Environmental Planner

    Get top-rated, practical training for planners

    "Planetizen federal action tracker" logo superimposed over black and white image of US Capitol dome.

    Planetizen Federal Action Tracker

    A weekly monitor of how Trump’s orders and actions are impacting planners and planning in America.

    September 16, 2026 - Zachary Whalen

    Geese flock to a frozen pond in Aurora, Colorado. There are houses in the background.

    Colorado’s Largest Data Center Could Rise Next to Homes — Without a Public Hearing

    The proposed campus would consume 11 times the power of Denver International Airport; as it has across the country, opposition mounts.

    September 17, 2026 - Capital & Main

    The Hoover Dam blocking the Colorado River. The river's water level is noticeably low. The cliffs surrounding the blue water are brown and jagged.

    US to reduce Colorado River water deliveries to Mexico

    A new Colorado Treaty amendment reduces Mexico’s Colorado River water allocation by 250,000 acre feet.

    September 11, 2026 - The Arizona Republic

    A busy highway in Richmond, with construction and the city visible in the background.

    'This is going to be painful:’ Virginia stares down $1.7 billion funding gap for highway maintenance

    The state may address the deficit by shifting $290 million from its construction budget to maintenance projects.

    2 hours ago - The Virginia Mercury

    The Gross Reservoir, a large body of water surrounded by trees and mountains.

    Judges permit Denver to divert 77,000 acre feet from the Colorado River for reservoir expansion

    Overuse and climate change have caused the Colorado River’s water levels to plummet.

    September 18 - Inside Climate News

    Passengers board an Amtrak train under a cloudy sky.

    Amtrak, CN end decades-long dispute with eight-year agreement

    The new operating agreement establishes an updated framework for the companies to work together, including processes to resolve disputes.

    September 18 - Mass Transit