The Tier 4 emission standards [PDF] also target smog-producing nitrogen oxide, with new engines producing 99% less emissions than1996 engines. With new EPA standards already in place for trucks and buses, non-road diesel engines at "farms, construction sites and utilities" were the next target, writes Brian Bienkowski of Environmental Health News.
“It’s been a real challenge getting to this point,” said Allen Schaeffer, executive director of the Diesel Technology Forum, which represents engine manufacturers. “But all of this work has virtually eliminated nitrogen oxide and particulate matter from diesel engines.”
The rule called for a reduction of 90% over the 1996 models, but Schaeffer indicated that engine manufacturers met the higher target. However, non-road diesel engines still emit more than new buses and trucks due to the complexity of the various equipment types. "They are allowed to emit about 50 percent more grams of particles and nitrogen oxides per kilowatt-hour."
A variety of new technologies are producing cleaner farm and construction machines. Included are lower-sulfur diesel fuel, particle-trapping filters and more efficient engines with fuel-injection software, recirculated exhaust systems or catalysts that prevent pollutants from forming.
The public is the big winner with the new engine and fuel standards, as particle pollution is inked to heart attacks and respiratory disease.
"The foundation for lower emissions is ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. In 2010 the allowable level of sulfur in diesel fuel dropped to 15 parts per million from 2007’s 500 parts per million," writes Bienkowski. Ahead of the game, as usual (due to having the nation's worst air quality though), was California, introducing the cleaner fuel as early as 2006 as we noted then.
