Over the next 25 years, 300 million new residents are expected to fill China's cities. "To put that in perspective," says Dimaine, "Providing housing for that many people is roughly the equivalent of building from scratch all the cities and towns in the U.S. and doing it in only a quarter of a century." To help meet this immense challenge, Calthorpe's firm is assisting in planning several new cities in the country. Based on this experience, and his interactions with officials in the country, Calthorpe discusses how he believes China can find a third way of urban planning that veers from the American precedent of auto-oriented sprawl and the current Chinese model of "high-density sprawl."
Calthorpe sees China's urban history as a guide to its urban future. "As the Chinese create more and more superblocks of apartments and giant shopping centers, they're destroying a whole stratum of their traditional walkable society. The Chinese used to live on the streets in wonderfully social ways, being able to stroll or ride their bikes to cafés and small shops. This creates an affordable, vital urban lifestyle." And he isn't the only one who sees this transition as unsustainable. The nation's leaders, he says, "understand that their current urban forms aren't working." [See Iwan Baan's wonderful photo essay for a sense of the form of a traditional Chinese town]
So what could this third way look like? It will have a lot less cars than current patterns suggest, and a lot less superblocks. Says Calthorpe: "We're going to see a very different China 20 years from now. I think they're at a watershed moment where the old model of superblocks and cars is unsustainable. We'll see cities with auto-free streets, more mass transit, and more bikes. Overall they will be more livable. It's a daunting task, yet the impact will be monumental if we can move the needle even a little."
