"Across the nation, urban park design increasingly includes elements to hinder gang activity, said Leonard J. Hopper, a past president of the American Society of Landscape Architects, who specializes in the topic. This kind of design originated in cities in the mid-1980s with the crack epidemic, he said.Parks designed to promote positive activity -- with playgrounds and ballfields, as well as good sightlines and working lights -- help drive away loiterers, said Hopper, chief landscape architect of the New York City Housing Authority."
Thanks to Jeffrey Lofton, APR
