Cox Says Sydney Needs More Freeways
Wendell Cox has diagnosed what he sees as Sydney, Australia's most crippling problem: not enough freeways. Australian developers have taken in America's most vocal supporter of sprawl, who is pushing for more drivability in Sydney.
"Cox is a well-known critic of light rail, based on the experience of dozens of US cities. 'The annual cost per new rider of virtually every light rail line built here in the past 20 years has been more than the annual cost of leasing each new commuter a new car. Light rail has no part to play in a transport system, because of its expense. Rapid transit busways virtually equal light rail capacity, at a fraction of the cost.' "
Wendell Cox, invited to Australia by a group of right-leaning think tanks and real estate developers, didn't need too much coercing to bring out some unflattering public transit statistics during his recent visit to Sydney. But the city's light rail system is considered fairly efficient by many officials.
"If inadequate public transport is not the reason, why does Sydney have such transport problems? Cox says the city needs more freeways. Of 30 urban areas in the developed world with a population of more than 3 million, 'Sydney ranks 29th for lane kilometres of freeway per square kilometre. Only London has fewer. Sydney is also relatively poorly served by arterial roads.' "
Cox proposes building more freeways, and though congested streets and freeways can attest to the city's traffic problems, not everyone in Sydney is convinced that building more freeways is the answer.
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Having once lived in Sydney
Having once lived in Sydney for 19 years, and now living in Newcastle 150km to the North, I am only vaguely aware of Cox's reputation, and am glad that developers are pushing for the government to think more about transportation. However, I agree that he is probably not the best person to be representing the argument. The NSW government and Roads and Traffic Authority is locked into a couple of Public/Private partnerships on tollroads that have been poorly planned and executed, in particular, the Cross City Tunnel, confidence in their ability to provide the best solution is at an all time low.
Sydney's two recent attempts at light fixed transport, (click on link for a "fun" flash map, or here for a scale map), a monorail that loops around town, and a light rail network with a limited number of stops have proved very little, (despite Kevin Warrel's comments about light rail in European Cities in the article), in a city that has a ridership on public transport that fluctuates with oil prices. Buses drive on congested two to four lane roads with traffic lights every couple of hundred metres, the train network doesn't extend out to many of the more recently developed areas or isn't easily accessible from many of the infill developments anyway. Many of the best road links in Sydney have been freeways in recent years, allowing people to travel to work much more quickly. It's the other roads that service as many vehicles that are still full service access roads with shop fronts and side roads, that are really collector roads trying to be arterial roads. For many people, even close into the urban/city core, these roads are congested for hours morning and evening.
So in a way, I'd have to agree that with how Sydney has already sprawled, freeways would be a suitable part of any solution to be put forward, but I'd hope that much more effort is put into all public transport options.
Thanks for pointing out all these issues.
Mike
UrbanWorkbench
No Credibility
Wendell Cox has no real credibility. He uses the false statistical analysis that plays to a hegemonic and anti-market scheme. If anything, the free-makret thinkers should catch onto this elitist and corrupt marxist views. Good transportation is a balance of modalities not the over-reliance on one mode. Sydney shouldn't feel so bad that it is second only to London for having few highways. I've never heard of people saying I want to vacation in Dallas, or Houston, or St. Louis, places with some of the highest roadway per capita.
Sean P. Bender
Director
Community & Learning Partnerships
Wentworth Institute of Technology
Rely on Wendell Cox
You can always rely on Wendell Cox to work for what he thinks is our self-interest and to ignore the well-being of future generations. Demographia never studies how these policies would affect global warming. After all, what have future generations done for us?
But Cox's idea of our self-interest is clearly mistaken. A couple of obvious misconceptions in this article:
He claims that more freeways promote more home ownership. Obviously, people could just as well own their own homes in street-car suburbs or own their own condominiums in the city. Home ownership has increased because of higher incomes and because of government policies encouraging home ownership, not because of freeways; in fact, freeway-oriented development is creating a scarcity of land that is driving up home prices.
He claims that higher densities drive up housing costs. Obviously, this depends on how we promote higher densities - whether we use policies restricting low-density development or policies encouraging high-density development. Many cities have done the former, which explains Cox's findings about density and price. But if cities did the latter, it would obviously drive down housing prices.
Charles Siegel
Freeways and density.
Excellent comment as usual, Charles.
[H]igher densities drive up housing costs...this depends on how we promote higher densities - whether we use policies restricting low-density development or policies encouraging high-density development.
My experience is that developers pile on so many amenities in some of these new hi-density developments that prices are bid up as a result. Redevelopment also often happens in infill, where land rents may be higher than on the fringe (closer to CBD). Just a thought.
Best,
D
Driving Down Housing Costs
Thank you, Dano. Apart from the cost of housing in individual developments, I would like to see programs to encourage development of enough transit-oriented housing to drive down housing prices overall.
This happened after World War II, when the Federal Goverment did so much to encourage building of freeways and freeway-oriented suburbs that housing prices went down across the board. Many neighborhoods of middle-class housing became affordable housing, as the middle class moved to the new suburbs.
Today, scarcity is driving prices up across the board. Eg, my house was built as a middle-class home in streetcar suburb in 1907; the increased supply of housing made it low-income rental housing in the 1950s; and now the scarcity of housing has made it a middle-class owned home again.
It seems very clear that we should be doing the same thing now as in the 1950s, but in reverse. Encourage the building of so much transit and transit-oriented housing that we drive down the price of housing across the board. The social and environmental benefits are obvious.
The Wendell Coxes of this world don't realize that we no longer have enough open land for low-density housing, and that any attempt to lower housing costs must involve making more intense use of land in existing neighborhoods.
Charles Siegel
Amenities
Oh yeah, I'm sure you've seen some of these larger high-density developments. They don't contain just apartments or condos, with activities out the door and some blocks away; they have right there maybe a pool or an exercise room, sometimes communal lawns/courtyards (that people use?), and maintenance staff for all that stuff. (Forget just sweeping and painting the corridors.)
And, yeah, surely higher-density development wouldn't pencil out where real estate demand and therefore prices are not already high enough to justify building densely.
Desirability
Good points. Also, housing costs are indicative of the desirability of a given place. If all of this high-density development is not what people want, how come it sells so well, and for so much? At least, that's the case here in Portland.
Not a surprise from Cox
Cox Says Sydney Needs More Freeways
And in other news, the sun rose in the east today...
Best,
D