Reality and warnings
As someone with an Masters in Public Administration with an emphasis in Urban Planning and working in both transportation and land use planning, I have comments regarding the theory of planning and the reality.
If you are a city planner, your interest is the interest of the city. If not you won't make it through the probationary period. Theory goes out the window. This is the result of the fiscalization of planning. It is seen as a way to encourage economic development. Unless you are in a progressive city (read as liberal), the theory of planning when competing with economic development needs is tossed out. This is especially true in Southern California. The local elite are usually chamber of commerce types or in real estate industry. Since they have the ears of the City Council and Planning Commission their interests often supercede the "public good". If the city has lots of Council Gadflies and wannabe planners, the planning becomes all the more complex and a CYA attitude pervades the hallowed halls of City Hall. It becomes important to not upset the status quo or someone will get counseled behind closed doors and warned verbally. The next step is dismissal if you are under probationary status.
It is not always this way but more often than not you will run into this situation. As a new planner be prepared for double fisted fangs out politics. Blend in with the cultural norm of the city. Your survival depends on your ability to navigate through the hidden curriculum. Also, remember not all who act friendly are your friends. You will run into people who talk out of both sides of their mouths. You will run into people you wouldn't trust the slightest.
They may talk about teamwork, but only when it benefits their agenda. Following the company line is important. Unless it is clearly illegal and unethical, keep your concerns to yourself.
When you get out of your training, don't be enamored with the purity of planning. Remember as an Assistant Planner that is just starting out your job is to listen and learn. Learn the various actors and institutions within the city. Don't be too innovative. Innovation from junior level personnel is not often looked upon favorably. Learn the agendas. It is not your job to determine public good. By definition, the public good is determined by the City Council and the City's Management Team.
This is my experience. I wish I would have done a better job of listening and learning rather than transmitting in past jobs. I enjoy planning, especially working with the public but the realities put a pall on my positive outlook for the impacts of one person and about planning's impact on the well being of the public.
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Yes man
The best part about graduate school is it is full of theory and false hopes. You leave grad school thinking you are going to get a job and plan an amazing city full of architecture and "urbanization". If you create a good plan the developers will just plug in and play. This does not happen. Politics will beat that collage crap out of you head. You will spend half of your time processing fence variations and setback requests. The other half of the time you will argue with developers over every nickel and dime. Then the developer will ultimately bypass you on the way to the mayor and threaten to pull the project. When the development is finally approved you will not even want to take credit for being a part of it. You will do all of this for average pay while your municipalities hold "great benefits" over your head. By the way those "great benefits" are falling by the waste side. So my advise would be to just be a "Yes Man" to whatever the elected officials want. If not you will find many headaches and arguments that might ultimately get you fired. Not to be a downer, but this is the reality in most municipal planning.
emmet123, if you become a
emmet123, if you become a Yes Man, how are you ever going to change the world? You can only become great if you are not afraid of being fired for taking a risk or standing up for what you believe in. It doesn't mean you become combative, verbally abusive or otherwise unreasonable, but if you state your professional opinion in a civil manner, whether they agree or disagree, you've done your job.
Otherwise, it's almost like a self-profiling prophecy. You became a Yes Man because nothing ever changes. Nothing ever changes because you became a Yes Man.
Why all the fuss?
I don't really understand a lot of the comments here. The Urban Planning field isn't special. Virtually any job in the knowledge economy comes with its very own load of political baggage. This is true whether you're a city planner, an engineer at GE, or a manager at the local grocery store.
Working with other people means playing politics to some extent. Human beings are political creatures by nature, and while decisions should be made based solely on merit and sound factual information, we all know that self-interest, ego, and emotion will inevitably poke its noise in.
Learning to play the game while not losing your ideals or motivation in the process is part of life and it's a skill you'll need in almost any job worth having. Anyone thinking of avoiding or leaving planning due to the political downsides will likely be in for a rude awakening when they find out that the next job they take is just as politically challenging, even if in a different way.
WalKBikeCT's lesson must not
WalKBikeCT's lesson must not be ignored. Political nonsense is everywhere. Drama presents itself in every profession. I remember my first job as a teenager. The only qualification was that you have a pulse. You wouldn't believe the drama that went on in this little shop. There was backstabbing, vicious diatribes about co-workers and accusations of God-knows-what. It was a lot of stress for a minimum wage job.
I detect some elitism in many of the comments in this thread, as if you're the one who knows what you are doing and if they don't listen to you, well, they deserve what they get. Planners are as human as the politicians. Planners can be wrong. Planners can be unreasonable.
It would be interesting, to say the least, to hear some arguments from the other side.
Play the "Game"
Remember, there is no limit to what you can accomplish if you are willing to let other people take the credit (elected officials). Not sure how you teach somebody “adaptability” in college, but that is the most important skill a planner possesses. As things change (and they will), you need to respond accordingly. Rigid, type-A, uncompromising people (think Engineers) don’t generally do very well in the Planning world. I agree that in the beginning a planner should concentrate on listening and learning from their work environment. As you grow in your career and people gain confidence in your abilities, they will start to listen. If you truly care about doing “good” (which is why we all got into this profession right?) you must be willing to give others the credit sometimes. At least that’s my experience.
I 150% Agree!!!!!! But I am not discouraged!!!
You are RIGHT!!!
I totally agree with your sentiments. Planner theory goes out the window when you begin to work in municipal planning especially as a Freshman/Sophomore Planner.
What I have learned is that you have small success in implementing planning theory/protecting the public good and you celebrate those. Once you become seasoned planner that is your time. That is the time in which you have the opportunity to promote planning theory/protect the public good.
~Now is the time~
Sad...
Sadly, one of the things not mentioned here is using your voice. Planners do have voices you know, it's not all about stamping approval. Maybe it's time planners actually recover from all the negative feedback we get when freeways get built and actually start talking about creating good projects.
It's not all about politics. It's not all about money. Think about what got you into this profession, and you should have your answers.
..................
- preserverence is the way of the uneducated
I agree, although I have not
I agree, although I have not yet really experienced this myself. As an intern, I hear all about the clash between politics and planners, but am still protected from it. I think what you're saying points to the need for schools to regularly offer real-world studios, and conflict resolution or negotiation courses. And/or if they don't want to or aren't able to teach them, they should offer or require internships to start exposing students to the real challenges of the profession. I don't think it's fair for planning practice to squash our idealism or good intentions. Instead, we should be learning and developing much more skills to deal with the reality that humans are complicated.
What I wished I had learned
I have been finished with my masters in urban development for 6 years now and have been on the private (or dark) side of planning all 6 years in the mid west. As much as I enjoy the theory side of planning, I wish there had been a class dedicated to illustrating how the theory of planning (zoning, design standards, etc) relates to the market of a community from the point of view of the developer, real estate professional and end users (i.e. the market). A class that showed the good intentions of a particular policy or plan and then showed the end result of the project and why it ended up the way it did. I came out of school prepared to change the development community and use all of my new found knowledge to enact change in my community, only to find that between the politics, market, and my clients, that I was only along for the ride with really no idea of how to change course.
There is a huge difference between coming up with the idea and getting that idea implemented and then getting it sold to everyone (public and private) that need to buy off on it. In my experience so far, the market of a particular area really drives the policy that shapes the built environment. Because the private industry can get so much more done than the government, they often have a larger voice and the ears of the public decision makers. It takes a strong community and usually a private organization to really enact standards and plans that get done.
In addition I have also found that public planners rarely have any if at all private side experience or knowledge and don't understand, that what may be going on in one community does not necessarily apply to the every community. Even though it looks great on paper and is successful somewhere else, there are a lot of factors that make that happen. I have the pleasure of working with a few planners that came from the private industry and moved to the public side and because I know where they are coming from and they know where I'm coming from, together we get so much more accomplished in less time because we have that common planning background and understanding of how to work together to reach middle ground.
That being said, I also understand that some of the problem lies with some of my clients in that they only see the dollar signs and don't try to push the envelope or try something new because they are afraid they won't be able to sell it. They figure they are following the minimum standards set and therefore they are creating good plans ( I usually beg to differ silently as my job depends on having clients).
Politicians are the same way, they are usually only willing to take a chance if they already know the outcome, which really isn't taking a chance at all.
My advice if your relatively new to the profession, is not to get down about the reality of the planning world, planning is change, and most people are afraid of change, however if you believe in what you are doing, pick your battles carefully, and try to achieve small victories. This will give you confidence and credibility among your co-workers, politicians, and clients. Eventually, you will get to take on the really big fights. Don't try to change the world all at once, even a comprehensive plan is projected out 25 years!
That there is no planning
What I wish I knew is that there really is no planning. Planners spend their lives rubber-stamping ghastly suburban strip malls. I'm glad I fell out of the profession because of the reaction to my Taliban-like ranting and raving against suburbia. I happily work as an editor now, making about 100% more than I would as a planner (still not much).
Houston may have it right after all. Let Americans get what they deserve.
Politics and Urban Planning: A Symbiotic Relationship
I see where this is comming from, even though more times than not planning practices seems to butt heads with urban politics, it is not fair to say that these two forces should always be seen as dichotomicaly opposing each other. I am going to sugest that urban politics and urban planning share a very uniquie relationship. It might be bennificial to look at the relationship as maybe symbiotic in nature, in that while differing in theories and agendas, in most cases planning needs politics to survive.
Just as a disclaimer, this is all just info that I have learned being involved in planning agencies, economic development, and city politics in a city like Charlotte, NC. I know that Charlotte is not the same as every other city, it just serves as the basis for my discussion.
How does planning need politics to survive, what exatcly do I mean by that? For instance, while planners may come up with many theories and practices to implement in real-world situations, without the backing of city council members, civic leaders, and community stakeholders, their plans and practices will not turn into reality. And while it might be true to say that community planners work on the community's agenda, they can still use politics to advise civic leaders and and citizens on the best way to implement the community's plans with town meetings, holding workshops and charrettes. While planners are actively trying to sell their ideas to the community, they need to be aware of the community's expectations as well as other prominent forces such as developers and market forces, which is why planners need to have a muli-disciplinary education and background so they can look at implementing community plans with a mult-faceted approach.
This brings up another topic between developers and planners. While most developers are more inclined to care about their bottom line and their potiential profit, and most planners(depending on their concentration) might care more about the actual land use and sustainablity of a site that the potential money to be made it is clear that there is a distinct and more times that not, a more pronounced rift between these two different but equally important disciplines.
Planners need to understand that while that making sure that a new development is LEED certified might make it more sustainable in the long run, if all of these sustainable features costs so much that it means cutting the number of housing or office units in half or decreasing the size of each unit, that it just is not economically benificial. While the statement in the original post that economic development takes a higher priority in most cities than sustainablity issues and other planning practices is for the most part true(depends on which city you are talking about)there are ways in which this can be surmounted. Don't get me wrong, I firmly believe that economic development is a vital force in comprohensive good of the city, there needs to be a mixture of development and good planning practices in the city, even a point or line that says for every new major development, a certain amount of sustainability or better planning guidelines has to be met. With the guidence of community planners, commmunities can request or mandate what I have said above, the unfortunate fact is that hardly any community has the balls to implement ploicies with any real teeth, and instead of a mandate, it is usally a feable request that goes for the mostpart unheard by the developers.
I guess the whole point to this rambiling is just help aspiring planners escape from their morose mood when they begin to realize that most of the planning ideology they have been force-fed is not applicable in the real world. Just don't worry, with the help of politics, you can still save the world, or at least your little piece of it.
Reality vs Theory Making it Happen
William, I must agree with your assessment of theory vs reality. I've had that point hammered home by my prof repeatedly.
I'm a non traditional student having spent the last 25 yrs operating a popular service business. I have been involved with development issues out of a humanistic interest for many years. I'm well known for telling it the way I see it and as a result I've run into conflicts with the local elite(I went from a shoe in for mayor to persona non gratis in about the time it took to write a letter to the editor).
I weathered that event and worked with some very skilled (and patient) professionals on develping and impilmenting a program at the U to address these issues.
I guess what I am saying is...
It's not impossible to change the world its just not going to happen overnight. It took 15 yrs of solid business managment to be asked to step up to being the mayor of a small town and one letter to the editor to end it but I still stand behind what I said and time has proved what I said was true. It's taken 5 yrs to regroup, rebuild and move forward, not to mention 5 yrs for folks to realise I knew what I was talking about.
Sincd then, a 60 bed residential treatment center for emotionally troubled kids became a reality and several other sustainable development projects have moved forward. If I were dependant on my income as a planner to move these projects forward I'd be living under a bridge near you.
My advice to graduating planners is:
1) Build your credability and longevity, keep personal politics out of the equation until you understand how things work, remember this is an inexact science that is dependant on politicians to actually do something (impliment the plan)and that requires more than simple planning skills to pull off.
2) Establish working relationships with professionals in other fields. Study the earth sciences and learn GIS. Maps and charts make great conversation starters and can dazzle or confound depending on how its presented.
3) Listen
4) Watch
5) Test
6) Listen
7) Watch
Reality vs. Theory
Mike, your advice is sound. I will add that for planners who want to mold and shape public policy, perhaps they would have found elected office more fulfilling. Some public boards are highly restrictive when it comes to development. Other boards desire is to expand their commercial and industrial tax base as much as possible.
My graduate degree is in Law, not Public Administration or Planning. As an elected official in a small municipality in North Carolina, I can say that our town charter gives elected officials the authority to set public policy. Planning staff's role is to promulgate municipal planning that comports with the public policy set by the board. In my town, we seek guidance from our planner, who is quite respected.
Our board has chosen to opt out of regional goals set by external sources of policy-making. We encourage open dialogue when our planner has ideas which were learned in grad school, or from various seminars. We have adopted some of those ideas, and have passed on others.
The bottom line is that planners need to be flexible, and accept that elected officials may not always buy into a planner's ideas, be they 'liberal' or 'conservative'.
As for Steve's advice of 'selling' progressive, liberal ideas if you understand the sales process, I would not advise that. The moment it becomes obvious that you are attempting to 'change the world as a planner,' you have become involved in politics. If you're slick enough at it, it might work for a while. But the longer it works, the harder the fall when your political maneuvering comes to light.
That is a lesson that several ex-employees (and public officials) have learned the hard way.
Jeff Morris, Mayor Pro Tem
Spencer, NC
Thanks
Thanks for responding. I appreciate your input. Sounds like you have an interesting story to tell. I would love to learn more. If anyone would like to talk about his subject please send me an Email at wchandler@dc.rr.com
Planning: Reality vs. Politics
My planning professor sent me this blog, I'm sure, because he knows how conflicted I've become studying planning theory as compaired to my real life experiences (undergrad degree in business admin, 30 years in construction business managment along with 12 years as a local elected official). My advice to anyone going into planning without some real life experience is to go work in sales or politics (they are the same thing) for a couple of years before you start trying to change the world with your newly aquired knowledge.
Progressive, liberal ideas can be "sold" to your elected officials and their constituents but only if you understand the sales process and/or local politics. Just being right isn't enough and being the smartest guy in the room (at least concerning planning) doesn't get you many points. Being a good salesman/politician is critical, especially if you want to change the world as a planner.
Being a good salesman is about making people feel good about a decision. It takes empathy,communication skills (listening is more important than talking) and an understanding of the issue that includes all of the pros you use to sell your ideas and an even better understanding of the cons that your opposition will use to shoot them down.
Steve Blount